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Why We Choke — and How to Train So We Don't

Sian Beilock's work on why pressure breaks performance, and what actually helps.

Cam Jolley

Cam Jolley

Co-Founder & Academy Coach, Coach Central

Choking isn't a character flaw, it's a predictable brain response to pressure — and once you understand the mechanism, you realize it's something you can prepare players for rather than just hope they survive.

The mechanism

Beilock's research shows choking often comes from overthinking a skill that should be automatic — under pressure, we start consciously monitoring actions our body already knows, and that interference is what breaks them. Worries also eat up the working memory a task needs. The counters that help include practicing under mild pressure so it's familiar, focusing on the outcome or a single cue rather than the mechanics of the movement, and simple routines that quiet the noise.

What I do with it

Two moves for me. First, I train under pressure on purpose — small consequences, an audience, a scoreboard in practice — so that a pressured moment in a game isn't the first time they've felt it. You can't develop composure in a calm environment; it's a rep like anything else. Second, I coach players to keep the ball rolling rather than freeze into mechanics, because a player thinking about their technique in a big moment is a player about to overthink. This is one of the clearest places to teach handling pressure, which is exactly the kind of person, not just player, I'm trying to develop.

Add real stakes to one training moment — a consequence, an audience, a running score. Then coach players to keep playing rather than think about their technique. Composure is a rep.

  • Choking is overthinking an automatic skill under pressure, plus worry crowding working memory.
  • It's trainable: practice under mild pressure, focus on a cue or outcome, use a quieting routine.
  • Manufacture pressure in training so the game isn't the first time a player feels it.
  • TED — Sian Beilock: Why We Choke Under Pressure. The science of choking and how to prevent it. youtu.be/OrB9JBEk1ds

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